There are various uses and meanings when it comes to Native American ceremonies and jewelry. The metals, stones, materials, and shapes have different representations among different tribes. Indigenous jewelry is a complex subject, but here is a basic overview.
The Past Meets the Future
Indigenous peoples have been making jewelry for at least 12,000 years using various materials such as bone, stones, and even copper. Throughout the ages, these have been combined to form stunning pieces, much like other ancient civilizations, such as the Egyptians and Greeks. These have undoubtedly influenced modern jewelry makers since the discovery of the Americas, and pieces such as necklaces from Kendra Scott retain much of the crafting method.
Colored Stones in Indigenous Jewelry
Like other cultures around the world, Native Americans used stones to represent various things, mostly because of the colors and shapes. Today, the Native American jewelry market is estimated to be worth around $1.5 billion, and you can find many common stones throughout:
- Turquoise is the most common and used in ceremonial jewelry and amulets.
- Obsidian represents sharpness and is therefore used on tools and weapons.
- The stunning green of Jade represents beauty, so it was used on ceremonial items.
There is no shortage of turquoise jewelry from various native tribes. But other stones hold importance, too. The deep blackness and strength of obsidian represent its power. However, stunning stones such as Jade are also representative of beauty, peace, and harmony.
Why Various Stones are Used
Various stones represent different things for many cultures. Indigenous peoples of the Americas are no different. A rich and vibrant culture is reflected in the stunning craftsmanship of the jewelry and ceremonial pieces that are created. For instance, Red Jasper is a striking stone and is immediately attractive. Because of this, it is used as a protection stone for ritual and ceremonial jewelry. Similarly, the deep blue of Lapis Lazuli holds spiritual significance.
Other Common Materials
Of course, not only stones are used for the crafting of Native American jewelry. Like other cultures, stones are often set in metals and other natural materials. These include silver, copper, and gold. Other materials from mammals and sea life, such as bone and shells, are also used. Silver would be specially used to ward off evil spirits. Shells were also used as a form of currency known as wampum, which was also used ceremonially and to formalize a marriage.
How to Spot Genuine Indigenous Jewelry
Given that the Native American jewelry market is so valuable, there are a lot of fakes among unscrupulous dealers. However, that shouldn’t put you off seeking out some of the stunning pieces you can find. So, here is a quick reference for spotting genuine native jewelry.
The overall design
Early Native American designs are simple and don’t contain elaborate markings. They also contain small amounts of turquoise, and there are subtle differences between each tribe.
General wear
Genuine Indigenous jewelry won’t be in a pristine condition. Ceremonial use over the years means there will be some wear and tear, so a piece won’t be authentic if it looks brand new.
Spotting authenticity
A uniform color and soft stones are telltale signs of a fake. If something looks in great condition, it is probably fake. If you are unsure, consult an Indigenous artist attending an authentic market.
You must be careful when buying Native American jewelry as the lucrative industry attracts a lot of fakers. However, by looking out for specific designs, wear marks, and authentic coloring, you could avoid a costly mistake. It is also best to ask an Indigenous jeweler if you are unsure.
The Many Varied Meanings
Making jewelry is considered sacred by many Native American tribes. The skill, patience, and craftsmanship required means only a select few can do it well, just like other cultures around the world. Also, like other cultures, there are various meanings associated with different types of pieces. For instance, an arrow serves as an amulet of protection, defense, and direction. Meanwhile, the striking image of an American bear represents wisdom, courage, and strength.
Native American Culture and Jewelry
There are many reasons why Native Americans wear jewelry. Like other modern cultures, jewelry is worn by Indigenous men and women purely for fashion. Yet there could also be more deeper meanings behind a specific piece. Many families pass down significant pieces as heirlooms, and these are often pieces used for ceremonies and rituals. These are honored since the act of making them is verbally passed down through generations rather than recorded.
How Indigenous Jewelry is Crafted
A pair of bone earrings found in Alaska, dating back 12,000 years, are thought to be the oldest. Yet, even today, the way jewelry is made hasn’t changed that much. Cultures all over the world have similar techniques, and Native American jewelry is created using some of the following:
- Stones are chipped into various designs that fit their intended purpose.
- Animal tendons are used to create the strings for beads and decorative shells.
- Soft metals such as copper and silver are hammered into shape for jewelry.
All stones can be shaped, and the most common among Native American jewelry makers is the teardrop shape. However, there are also common tubular beads that are threaded with animal tendons. Soft metals are used as the inlays and bases for intricate designs and mosaics.
Indigenous Folklore and Gemstones
There are many uses for various stones within Native American culture. According to folklore, certain stones have specific properties. These include healing physical issues, removing negative energies, and enhancing the bridge between the physical and spiritual worlds. As such, stones such as crystals are a core part of many Native American healing or religious rituals. Some stones, such as Labradorite, are even said to bring beauty, according to the Innu.
Summary
The creation of Indigenous jewelry can be traced back over 12,000 years. The quality and significance of Native American pieces make them pretty valuable, so it helps to learn to spot fakes, as the materials, stones, and metals used can hold religious and cultural significance.
